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The Academy (Ancient Greek: Ἀκαδημία) was founded by Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) in ca. 387 BC in Athens. Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) studied there for twenty years (367 BC – 347 BC) before founding his own school, the Lyceum. The Academy persisted throughout the Hellenistic period as a skeptical school, until coming to an end after the death of Philo of Larissa in 83 BC. Although philosophers continued to teach Plato's philosophy in Athens during the Roman era, it was not until AD 410 that a revived Academy was established as a center for Neoplatonism, persisting until 529 AD when it was finally closed by Justinian I. The Platonic Academy has been cited by historians as the first higher learning institution in the Western world. ==Site== Before the ''Akademia'' was a school, and even before Cimon enclosed its precincts with a wall,〔Plutarch ''Life of Cimon'' xiii:7〕 it contained a sacred grove of olive trees dedicated to Athena, the goddess of wisdom, outside the city walls of ancient Athens.〔Thucydides ii:34〕 The archaic name for the site was ''Hekademia'' (Ἑκαδήμεια), which by classical times evolved into ''Akademia'' and was explained, at least as early as the beginning of the 6th century BC, by linking it to an Athenian hero, a legendary "Akademos". The site of the Academy was sacred to Athena and other immortals; it had sheltered her religious cult since the Bronze Age, a cult that was perhaps also associated with the hero-gods the Dioscuri (Castor and Polydeuces), for the hero Akademos associated with the site was credited with revealing to the Divine Twins where Theseus had hidden Helen. Out of respect for its long tradition and the association with the Dioscuri, the Spartans would not ravage these original "groves of Academe" when they invaded Attica,〔Plutarch, ''Life of Theseus'' xxxii〕 a piety not shared by the Roman Sulla, who axed the sacred olive trees of Athena in 86 BC to build siege engines. Among the religious observances that took place at the Akademeia was a torchlit night race from altars within the city to Prometheus' altar in the Akademeia. Funeral games also took place in the area as well as a Dionysiac procession from Athens to the Hekademeia and then back to the polis.〔Paus. i 29.2, 30.2; Plut. Vit. Sol. i 7〕 The road to Akademeia was lined with the gravestones of Athenians. The site of the Academy〔A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Volume 1. By Herbert Ernest Cushma. Pg (219 )〕 is located near Colonus, approximately, 1.5 km north of Athens' Dipylon gates.〔Mazarakis Ainian, A. - Alexandridou A,. ("The Sacred House of the Academy Revisited" ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Platonic Academy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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